如何巧記初中七年級(jí)詞匯
貴州省鎮(zhèn)遠(yuǎn)縣第三初級(jí)中學(xué) 周尚芬
對(duì)英語(yǔ)的新鮮,好奇,向往,隨著26個(gè)字母教學(xué)結(jié)束,開(kāi)始進(jìn)入了英語(yǔ)教學(xué)實(shí)質(zhì)的最頭疼的階段----詞匯。眾所周知,詞匯是英語(yǔ)的重要組成部分,是組成語(yǔ)言的基本材料,沒(méi)有詞匯,也就沒(méi)有句子,更無(wú)語(yǔ)言。英語(yǔ)中詞匯學(xué)習(xí)始終貫穿整個(gè)過(guò)程。因此掌握一定的詞匯,對(duì)于提高學(xué)生的聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫技能必不可少,更能提高學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)興趣。如何巧記詞匯呢?我從以下幾個(gè)方面著手:
一、按發(fā)音規(guī)律,聯(lián)想巧記憶
部分單詞可以利用元音字母在開(kāi)音節(jié)和閉音節(jié)中,語(yǔ)音相似或者結(jié)構(gòu)相似聯(lián)想記憶。
1、元音字母在開(kāi)閉音節(jié)中的讀音規(guī)律。
/ei/ age cage page take lake make name game face grade
Aa
/æ/ an and land bad dad can man pan hand pal bank back as at animal avenue
/ i:/ be bee he she we me
Ee
/e/ bed belt red yes pen pencil lesson else get test next west went spend
/ ai/ I bike like fine kite write rice nice ice size white
Ii
/i / it is bit hit did ill sick sit if in give big rich this think thick
/ou / no go joke old
Oo
/ / not lot hot of office post shop stop top box
/ju:/ cute humid
Uu
/∧/ but bus cup us culture hungry just study sun sunny sunglasses ugly
二、 同音異形巧記法
I-eye be-bee to-too-two son-sun R-are-ah buy-bye-by here-hear high-hi meet-meat four-for see-sea there-their wear-where week-weak weather-whether no-know our-hour
三、反義詞(對(duì)應(yīng)詞)巧記法
1.above - below 2. after - before 3. always-never
4 .ask - answer 5. At night-in the daytime
6 .back - front 7. bad - good 8. behind-in front of
9. big - small 10. black-white 11 .borrow - lend
12. borrow-lend 13. bring-take 14 .busy- free
15. buy - sell 16. cheap - dear / expensive
17 .clean - dirty 18. clever - foolish 19 .come - go
20. cool - warm 21. cry - laugh 22. dangerous—safe
23. dark - bright / light 24. different - same
25. down - up 26. dry - wet 27. easy - hard / difficult
28 .far - near 29. few—many 30. finish--begin(start)
31.forget-remember 32.from---to 33.full--hungry(empty)
34. give---take 35 .happy—sad 36 .hate - like / love
37. heavy - light 38. here - there 39. high - low
40. hot - cold 41. ill - well 42 . in—out
43 .inside—outside 44 .into--out of 45. last—first
46. late - early 47. learn-teach 48. leave-stay
49. left - right 50. like—unlike 51. little---much
52. long—short 53 .lost-found 54. move--stay
55. new - old 56 .noisy - quiet 57. yes—no
58. plus - minus 59. poor--rich 60 .pull - push
61. put on--take off 62. quick—slow 63. rich - poor
64 .right---wrong 65 .safe - dangerous
66. short—tall/high 67. sit down---stand up
68. sit(坐)—stand 69. sleep - wake 70. slow - fast
71 .strong - weak 72. tall – short 73. these—those
74. thin - fat / thick 75. this—that 76. young - old
77. wake up--go to sleep 78. work—rest
79. open—close/closed 80. upstairs - downstairs
四、單詞分類巧記法
1、季節(jié): spring summer antumn winter(春夏秋冬)
2、月份: 一月January 二月february三月March 四月April 五月May 六月June 七月July 八月August
九月September 十月October 十一月November 十二月December
3、星期: Sunday星期日 Monday星期一 Tuesday星期二 Wednesday 星期三 Thursday星期四
Friday 星期五Saturday六
4、數(shù)詞:one two three four five six seven eight nine ten
5、序數(shù)詞、first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth
6、學(xué)習(xí)用品
book bag dicttionery case pencil fountain pen ruler rubber the writing brush books text book ball pen volume compares the knife knife compass pencil-box
7、水果蔬菜、
fruit水果 banana 香蕉 orange 橙子 strawberry草莓 pear 梨 peach 桃子apple蘋果 apricot杏子 carambola楊桃
cherry櫻桃 date棗 grape葡萄 lemon檸檬 mango芒果 pineapple菠蘿 plum李子 strawberry草莓 watermelon西瓜 vegetable蔬菜 carrot胡蘿卜 potato土豆 tomato 西紅柿
tomato 番茄 broccoli 花椰菜carrot 胡蘿卜eggplant 茄子 cucumber 黃瓜 pumpkin 南瓜 string bean 四季豆 pea 豌豆 onion 洋蔥
8、動(dòng)物
giraffe 長(zhǎng)頸鹿 lion 獅子 monkey 猴子 elephant 大象 horse 馬 bear 熊 kangaroo 袋鼠 ox 牛 sheep 綿羊 dog 狗 cat 貓 pig 豬 chicken 雞 snake 蛇 rabbit 兔子 frog 青蛙 duck 鴨子 tortoise 烏龜
goose 鵝 fox 狐貍 panda 熊貓 mouse老鼠 wolf 狼 penguin 企鵝 bee 蜜蜂 fish 魚 deer 鹿
9、人體
body leg arm head foot(feet) hand nose
eye mouth ear shoulder stomach elbow knee toe
finger
當(dāng)然,就這樣分類是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的,我們還需要舉一反三,讓詞匯和生活發(fā)生聯(lián)系,以句子的形式來(lái)熟悉詞的用法。如在教學(xué)Son時(shí)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生說(shuō):I`m my parents’ son. You are your mother’s son (sun). "dog"一詞在中國(guó)我們都稱他為人類忠實(shí)的朋友,I like playing with dogs. 另dog eat dog卻是你死我活。Stop dog是止動(dòng)器 。在外國(guó)dog被視為與人一樣尊貴的動(dòng)物;因而有"love me,love my dog"之 說(shuō)。其次,我們要盡可能的調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的多感官來(lái)學(xué)英語(yǔ)。比如,把單詞編成歌曲,叫學(xué)生唱。把詞匯編成謎語(yǔ),讓學(xué)生猜。把詞匯寫成卡通形式和一些實(shí)物聯(lián)系起來(lái)。如monkey,寫得卡通一點(diǎn)就很像猴子,這樣學(xué)生會(huì)很開(kāi)心。
總之,詞匯不能只抽象的要求學(xué)生強(qiáng)記詞匯,而是激活學(xué)生的思維、想象、記憶,激起學(xué)生交談的興致,活躍課堂氣氛,吸引學(xué)生的注意力,讓學(xué)生初次接觸詞匯時(shí),詞匯就在他們頭腦里留下鮮明而深刻的印象。讓學(xué)生在富有樂(lè)趣、輕松愉快的氛圍中學(xué)習(xí)詞匯,使用詞匯。
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